RES 2022-0282 - Barricade Manual update PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
BARRICADING STANDARDS,
SPECIFICATIONS,
METHODS AND MATERIALS
1
2
PREFACE
NEED AND PURPOSE OF MANUAL
The primary function of streets and highways is to provide for the movement of people and goods from property to
property. Occasionally, utilities that are under the street require work. The purpose of this manual is to adequately
serve the primary function of streets and still provide optimum safety and convenience to the general public while
the work is being done.
The purpose of this Manual is to set forth basic principles and to prescribe standards for the design, application,
installation, and maintenance of the various types of traffic control devices required for road or street construction,
maintenance operations, and utility work on or adjacent to the roadway. These include signs, signals, lighting
devices, markings, barricades, channelizing, and hand signaling devices.
Minimum standards of application are prescribed for typical situations, and for methods of controlling traffic through
work areas. As part of these standards, a number of typical situations are illustrated, showing the proper
application of standard protective devices.
Since it is not practical to prescribe detailed standards of application for all the situations that may conceivably
arise, minimum standards are presented here for the most common situations. It is emphasized that these are
minimum desirable standards for normal situations and that additional protection must be provided when special
complexities and hazards prevail.
Traffic conditions on streets are characterized by speed, traffic volume, limited maneuvering space, frequent turns
and cross movements, pedestrian movement, and other obstructions. Construction, maintenance, and utility
operations are more numerous and varied, including such diverse activities as pavement cuts for utility work, pavement
patching and resurfacing, pavement marking renewal, and encroachments by adjacent building construction.
Work on residential streets should be done during daylight hours unless there is an emergency. Work on arterial
streets should be restricted to off-peak hours (generally 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) to minimize conflicts with traffic.
Work on high-volume collector or limited access streets may have to be done at night. Coordinate with the City
Traffic Engineer or his/her designee.
Although each situation must be dealt with individually, conformity with the provisions established herein is
required. In particular, for situations not adequately covered by the provisions of this Manual, the Public Works
workers on the scene will dictate the measures to be taken.
Early project planning for traffic control in construction areas and implementation and surveillance of these
controls during construction is very important. The plans, specifications, and estimates for each project should
include provisions for a reasonably specific traffic control plan for moving traffic through or around the
construction zone in a manner that is conducive to the safety of the traveling public, pedestrians and workers. This
traffic control plan should include, but not be limited to, such items as signing; application and removal of
pavement markings; construction; scheduling; methods and devices for delineation and channelization; placement
and maintenance of devices; roadway lighting; traffic regulations; pedestrian detouring and diversion; and
surveillance and inspection.
These principles, procedures, and standards conform to the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD), U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway
Administration.
While this Manual provides standards for design and application of traffic control devices, the Manual is not a
substitute for engineering judgment. It is the intent that the provisions of this Manual be standards for traffic control
device installation, but not a legal requirement for installation.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.BARRICADING STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS, METHODS AND
MATERIALS FOR THE CITY OF OMAHA
A.General ........................................................................................................... 5
B.Traffic Control Management and Surveillance .......................................... 5
C.Specific Barricading Requirements............................................................... 6
D.Identification ................................................................................................... 6
II.RETIREMENT OF SUBSTANDARD EQUIPMENT
A.General ............................................................................................................ 6
B.Inspection ........................................................................................................ 6
III.NORMAL PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PERMISSION TO
WORK IN CITY STREETS ................................................................................ 7
IV.PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING WORK IN A CITY STREET
ON AN EMERGENCY BASIS ............................................................................ 7
V.NOTICE TO THE CITY ..................................................................................... 7
VI. NEBRASKA 811 .................................................................................................. 7
VII.PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONFERENCE .......................................................... 8
VIII.DETOURS ............................................................................................................. 8
IX.COVER PLATING ............................................................................................... 8
X.MEANINGS OF “SHALL”, “SHOULD”, AND “MAY” .................................. 9
XI.TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND THEIR USES
A.General Requirements .................................................................................... 9
B.Barricades ....................................................................................................... 10-11
C.Traffic Cones ................................................................................................... 12
D.Vertical Panels ................................................................................................ 12
E.Drums .............................................................................................................. 12
F.Signs ................................................................................................................. 12
G.Lighting Devices .............................................................................................. 13-16
H.Taper Lengths ................................................................................................. 16
I.Flaggers ........................................................................................................... 17-19
XII.TYPICAL INSTALLATION ............................................................................... 19
XIII. EXCAVATION CHECKLIST ............................................................................ 20
4
APPENDIX
FIGURES 1-28
The following figures give examples of the barricading requirements for typical streets and situations.
Residential Street — Restriction .................................................................................Figure 1
Residential Street — Closing .......................................................................................Figure 2
Residential Street — Temporary Restriction ................................................................Figure 3
Arterial and Collector Street — Restriction ...............................................................Figure 4
Multi-Lane Arterial — Restriction for Traffic that does NOT cross Centerline ....Figure 5
Multi-Lane Arterial — Restriction for Traffic that does cross Centerline ..............Figure 6
Multi-Lane Arterial — Restriction for Divided Streets ............................................Figure 7
Multi-Lane Arterial — Closing ................................................................................. Figure 8
One-Way Arterial Street — Restriction ................................................................... Figure 9
One-Way Multi-Lane Arterial — Restriction .......................................................... Figure 10
Multi-Lane Arterial — Intersection of Major/Minor Streets ................................. Figure 11
Multi-Lane Arterial — Intersection of Major/Minor Streets ................................. Figure 12
Multi-Lane Arterial — Intersection of Major/Major Streets ................................. Figure 13
Temporary Road ......................................................................................................... Figure 14
Business District — Restriction ...................................................................................... Figure 15
Types of Barricades ......................................................................................................... Figure 16
Temporary Sign Installation — Construction Projects ........................................... Figure 17
Commonly Used Signs ............................................................... Figure 18 through Figure 24
Use of Hand Signaling Devices by Flag Person ........................................................ Figure 25
Agency Identification Sign ......................................................................................... Figure 26
Sidewalk Detour or Diversion ................................................................................... Figure 27
Crosswalk Closures and Pedestrian Detours ........................................................... Figure 28
City of Omaha Sidewalk Closure Policy .................................................................. DOCUMENT
-5 -
I. BARRICADING STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS, METHODS ANDMATERIALS FOR THE CITY OF OMAHA
The barricading standards, specifications, methods and materials set forth herein shall befollowed and used in barricading and protecting all construction and maintenance activitieswithin any public street or public way in the City of Omaha. This manual is to be used by allcontractors, utility companies, plumbers, tree trimmers, and any other person, firm,corporation, or agency performing construction or maintenance work within the right-of-wayof any public street or public way in the City of Omaha in accordance with Chapter 34,Section 34-1 through 25. The term "agency" as used hereinafter shall mean anyone doingwork in the City’s right-of-way.
A.General.
All work done in any public street or public way shall be done with due regard for the safety of the workers and the public. Such work shall be performed so that a minimum width of the street is blocked. Access to abutting property must be kept open at all timesunless other arrangements are made with the occupant of the property. Sidewalks shall be kept open if possible, and, if blocked, shall conform to the Public Works Sidewalk Closure Policy shown in the Appendix of this document.
All work shall proceed with dispatch until completed. When directed by the City Traffic
Engineer, any agency leading a project which requires making an excavation in a paved street
which is classified as an arterial, collector, or limited-access street on the current urban area
"Functional Classification of Streets" Map, shall work continuously and diligently without
interruption and without regard for regular hours of work on the project until the completion
of same in accordance with Chapter 34 of the Omaha Municipal Code.
B. Traffic Control Management and Surveillance.
Contractors, sub-contractors, and City of Omaha personnel who are charged with designing, constructing, and implementing projects within City of Omaha jurisdiction limits shall ensure that their traffic control designs are developed by a certified Traffic Control Manager. This certified Traffic Control Manager shall be qualified by having attended and passed the examination which accompanies the training course for Traffic Control Supervisor or Traffic Control Technician offered by the American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA) or the Basic Traffic Control or Advanced Traffic Control courses offered by Nebraska LTAP. The training shall have been completed no more than 4 years prior to working on the project. Other certifications may be accepted if approved by the City Traffic Engineer or his/her delegate. The Traffic Control Manager shall also possess a current valid Flagger Certification Card. Documentation of the Traffic Control Manager’s training or certifications shall be provided to the City Traffic Engineer or his/her delegate prior to the installation of any traffic control devices on the project. Traffic control designs must be approved by the City of Omaha Traffic Engineer or his/her designee prior to implementation.
Traffic control management for a project located within City of Omaha right-of-way shall be provided by the certified Traffic Control Manager. This Traffic Control Manager shall be responsible for performing and supervising the installation, inspection, maintenance, and removal of the traffic control devices. The Traffic Control Manager shall ensure that all traffic control devices are functioning properly, clean, and correctly installed as per a City-approved traffic control plan or as directed by the City Traffic Engineer or his/her designee. The Traffic Control Manager shallalso be responsible for monitoring the cleaning and maintenance of all traffic control devices on a project; coordinating all traffic control operations, including those of suppliers and contractors; and coordinating traffic related activities with law enforcement, fire, and emergency medical agencies.
-6 -
Traffic control surveillance, repair, and remediation is the responsibility of the project contractor. Liquidated damages or other penalties for deficiencies or failures in repairing or maintaining elements of project traffic control may be assessed per individual contract requirements. The City of Omaha Traffic Engineer or his/her designee reserves the right to order construction project stoppages, without amendments to contract times or payments, for construction sites or traffic control layouts that are deemed unsafe to public safety.
C.Specific Barricading Requirements.
All excavations in any public street or public way deeper than 1-1/2 inches shall be barricaded. Barricade fencing shall supplement barricades on all excavations deeper than 3 feet. Fencing shall have reflective stripes for night use. All mud or dirt spills or trackings which create a hazard to traffic shall be barricaded or warning signs posted until cleaned. All debris blocking public streets or public ways or creating a hazard to traffic shall be barricaded until the debris is removed.
D.Identification.
All traffic control devices shall be marked with the owner's name for identification as follows:
1.Signs — On the rear of the sign blank.
2.Barricades - On the rear of the lower panel.
3.Other devices — On the rear of the panel or some member of the frame.
This identification shall be in one color and non-reflective with letters not to exceed 2 inches in height.
The agency performing the work shall be identified at each work site by posting a sign which is readable from a vehicle, containing the agency name and telephone number (see Figure 26 in the Appendix). The agency sign shall be posted at all job sites where four or more barricades are in place. Agencies shall identify vehicles at the worksite with a sign containing, as a minimum, the agency name.
II.RETIREMENT OF SUBSTANDARD EQUIPMENT
A. General
All traffic devices used in the City of Omaha on street construction or maintenance work, shall conform to the applicable specifications of this Manual and to the latest Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD), U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. All devices not specifically covered in this Manual or the latest MUTCD shall be approved by the City of Omaha's Traffic Engineer.
B. Inspection
The Public Works Department will perform random inspections of barricading devices. Devices found to be defective (i.e. damaged signs, non-readable, and/or non-reflective, etc., due to physical damage, mud, dirt or other reasons) will be marked with a tag, sticker or similar method identifying the device as defective. The defective barricading device shall be repaired or replaced before being used again. Just removing the warning sticker without repair or replacement is not acceptable.
-7 -
III.NORMAL PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PERMISSION TO WORK IN
CITY STREETS
Whenever it is necessary to work in the street right-of-way of any street in the City of Omaha, the
agency doing such work must, before starting the work, obtain the required permit(s) and/or
approval from the appropriate Department(s) of the City of Omaha, in accordance with Chapter
34, 43 and/or other applicable Chapters of the Omaha Municipal Code. (Agencies under contract
to the City of Omaha for such work are excluded from permit requirements. Ref. Chapter 34,
Omaha Municipal Code.) Authorization to work in city streets must be applied for by a
representative of the agency doing the work at least 24 hours before the work is initiated. Street
closures when deemed necessary must be requested at least two working days in advance of the
time the work is to be started.
IV.PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING WORK IN A CITY STREET ON AN
EMERGENCY BASIS
If an emergency occurs during normal office hours (8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday), the "24-hour prior to work initiation" requirement for permits is waived. Barricading
shall be done as required, however, the agency must obtain the required permits before starting
the actual work.
If the emergency occurs during other than normal work hours, the applicant is required to phone
the Public Works Dispatcher at 444-4919 and give the Dispatcher the location and nature of the
emergency before starting the work. The applicant shall obtain the necessary permits the first
working day thereafter.
V.NOTICE TO THE CITY
After obtaining all required permits, the agency doing any work within a public street or public
way shall notify the City Traffic Engineering Division (444-5160), 24 hours (working days) in
advance of a street restriction or 48 hours (working days) in advance of a street closing and
supply the following information:
1.The location of the work.
2.The date and time the work is to begin and end.
3.The type of work to be done.
4.The name and telephone number of the agency doing the work.
5.The name of the certified barricade company setting up the work zone.
VI.NEBRASKA 811 SYSTEM
Prior to commencing any work in streets or public ways, the agency shall call 811 or
800-331-5666 (Underground Hot Line), a minimum of two business days prior to starting
excavation, to obtain the location and depth of all underground utilities. This system will assist
in contacting all agencies, including the City of Omaha, who may have buried utilities within
the surrounding areas.
-8 -
VII.PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONFERENCE
The City Engineer or his representative shall have the responsibility of outlining those
projects, which are large enough to scope to warrant a pre-construction conference. The
conference may involve representatives of the utility companies, the Public Works
Department, Public Safety Department and the construction agency representative.
VIII.DETOURS
The City Traffic Engineering Division will determine the need for a posted detour route, or if
one is not necessary. During normal working hours detour routes may be requested by
telephoning the Traffic Engineering Division, 444-5160. On other than normal working days,
an emergency closing must be reported by notifying the Dispatcher of the Police Division at
911 and the Public Works Dispatcher at 444-4919.
When streets are ready for reopening the City Traffic Engineering Division must be notified
by the agency 24 hours in advance of reopening.
IX.COVER PLATING
In order to reduce traffic congestion and traffic hazards, small cuts such as manhole or utility
adjustment cuts, shall be covered with metal plates, or an approved equal. On construction
projects containing excavations of such a nature and size that they cannot be cover plated,
work will continue utilizing only the blocked lane or lanes. All other lanes shall be opened
to traffic.
Work should be scheduled so that cuts can be made and holes filled, etc., during other than
peak hours of traffic movements (6-9 a.m. and 4-6 p.m., weekdays).
Cover plates may be required by the City Traffic Engineering Division at the following
locations, during peak hours of traffic movement (6-9 a.m. and 4-6 p.m., weekdays) and at
all other hours when work is not in progress:
1.Near signalized intersections.
2.On any major street carrying two or more lanes of traffic in one direction.
3.On any major street when parking is prohibited during peak hours of traffic movement.
Plating shall be secured in place so that it will not shift out of position during usage.
Minimum plating shall consist of three-quarter (3/4) inch thickness steel plate, or an approved equal, extending six (6) inches in all directions beyond the street opening, securely anchored by the use of three-fourths (3/4) inch diameter bolts. Bolts shall be a minimum of two (2) inches long, located at the corner of the plate.
No cover plates will be permitted during the period November 1 to April 15. Special winter patching procedures as set forth by the Public Works Department will be utilized during this period.
The agency shall be responsible for any damages or liability arising out of the usage of cover plating under the requirements of any permit or contract issued for street work and shall hold the
-9 -
City harmless from any liability arising out of such plate usage.
X.MEANINGS OF "SHALL", "SHOULD", AND "MAY"
In the Manual sections dealing with the design and application of traffic control devices, thewords "shall", "should" and "may" are used to describe specific conditions concerning thesedevices. To clarify the meanings intended in this Manual by the use of these words, the followingdefinitions apply:
Shall — denotes a mandatory condition.
Should — advisory in nature.
May — a permissive situation.
XI.TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND THEIR USES
A. General Requirements
The permit holder shall provide, maintain, and remove all signs required under the provisions of these specifications except those signs which the permit indicates will be provided and maintained by the Traffic Engineering Division of the Public Works Department. The City Traffic Engineering Division will be responsible for designating no parking areas for the purpose of expediting the flow of traffic.
Street reconstruction, excavation or maintenance work within a parking meter district which may involve the use of the metered parking stall space, will require that the meter be hooded or removed by the Parking and Mobility Division prior to and during such work. The agency involved shall give at least 24 hours advanced notice of the date, time, and meter location before work in the parking lane shall begin. Work within the traffic lanes may also require that meters be hooded to expedite traffic. The agency involved shall pay a permit fee for each meter that is hooded or removed. This fee includes those that are hooded for the purpose of expediting the flow of traffic. Parking meters shall not be hooded for private parking of agency personnel.
All traffic control devices used on street construction or maintenance work shall conform to the specifications of this Manual and the MUTCD or shall be as approved by the CityTraffic Engineer. Traffic control devices shall be set up prior to the start of construction or maintenance operations and shall be properly maintained during the time such conditions exist. They shall remain in place only as long as they are required and shall be removed when work is completed and/or roadway is safe for travel. Where operations are performed in stages, there shall be in place only those devices that apply to the condition present during the stage in progress. Signs that do not apply to existing conditions shall be removed, covered, or turned so as not to be readable by oncoming traffic. Temporary signs such as "Survey Crew" or "Flagger Ahead" shall be covered or set aside out of view of traffic at times when they do not apply.
Existing traffic signs and control devices must remain in place until construction or maintenance activities are started. Only the Traffic Engineering Division will remove and replace such signs. The Permit Holder shall be responsible for costs incurred by the City due to removal, relocation, or repair of traffic control devices and any damage resulting from failure to maintain or protect such devices.
In long-term work areas, permanent pavement markings, which are inconsistent with temporary travel paths, shall be removed. For short-term operations, existing markings may
-10 -
be left in place, unless doing so would result in a definite hazard. Where markings inconsistent with temporary travel paths are retained, special attention should be given to highlighting the intended paths with other traffic control devices. Temporary restrictions, (two hours or less at one location) - for example, a traffic signal technician replacing burned-out signal bulbs - shall be exempt from providing advance warning signs, lights, barricades, or cones, providing all mobile equipment shall be equipped with flashing beacons to provide warning to moving vehicles and with adequate safety provisions for the safety of the agency's crew. These flashing beacons shall be in conformance with the regulations of the State Department of Motor Vehicles.
During hours of darkness, traffic control devices must be reflectorized or illuminated as further specified in the following information regarding each of these devices. If reflectorized, all signs and barricades shall comply with the following standards:
1.The retro-reflective material used shall have a smooth, sealed outer surface that willdisplay approximately the same color day or night.
2.Candle power in foot candles per square foot of reflective surfaceshall be equal to or greater than: White — 50; Orange — 25; Red - 14.
3.The reflectivity of the surface, totally wet, shall not be less than 90% ofthese values.
Devices that are damaged, unreadable, and/or have lost a significant amount of reflectivity or effectiveness shall be replaced.
In cases where manual control of traffic is required, a flagger shall be utilized. If necessary, due to location or the length of the construction project, two or more flaggers shall be utilized. (See Flagger Section, this Manual.)
B. Barricades
1. Function
The functions of barricades and channelizing devices are to warn and alert drivers of
conditions created by construction or maintenance activities in or near the traveled way, and
to guide and direct drivers safely through the work zone.
Barricades and channelizing devices are elements in a total system of traffic control devices for use in street construction and maintenance operations, these elements shall be preceded by a system of warning devices that are adequate in size, number and placement for the type of street on which the work is to take place.
2. Barricade Construction
Barricades shall be one of three types: Deformable Devices Type II, or Type III. The characteristics of these types are shown in Figure 16 in the Appendix and Table 1.
Barricades with stripes which begin at the upper right side and slope downward to the lower left side are to be designated as "right" (R) barricades. Barricades with stripes which begin at the upper left side and slope downward to the lower right side are to be designated as "left" (L) barricades.
Markings for barricades rails shall be alternate orange and white stripes (sloping downward at an angle of 45 degrees in the direction traffic is to pass).
Where a barricade extends entirely across a roadway, it is desirable that the stripes slope downward in the direction toward which traffic must turn in detouring. Where both right and
-11 -
left turns are provided for, the chevron striping may slope downward in both directions from the center of the barricade.
Barricade rails should be supported in a manner that will allow them to be seen by the motorist and provide a stable support not easily blown over by the wind or traffic. The name of the agency, contractor, or supplier shall not be shown on the face parts of any barricades. Identification markings may be shown only on the back side of barricade rails. The letters and numbers shall be non-retroflective and not over 2 inches in height.
The entire area of orange and white shall be reflectorized with a material that has a smooth, sealed outer surface, which will display the same approximate size, shape and color day and night. The predominant color for other barricade components shall be white, except that repainted galvanized metal or aluminum components may be used. Each barricade used during daylight shall have an approved operating flasher mounted above it.
Barricades are located adjacent to traffic and therefore subject to impact by errant vehicles. Because of their vulnerable position and the possible hazard they could create, they should be constructed of light-weight materials and have no rigid stay bracing for "A" frame designs. Ballast shall not be placed on top of any striped rail. Barricades shall not be ballasted by any nondeformable objects such as rocks or concrete. Sand bags may be placed on the lower frame or stays to provide ballast, when needed.
TABLE 1
Barricade Characteristics
Type*
Deformable Devices II III
Width of Rail N/A 8” min – 12” max 8” min – 12” max
Length of Rail N/A 2 ft min 4 ft min
Width of Stripes** 4 in to 6 in 6 in 6 in
Height 3 ft min 3 ft min 5 ft min
Number of Reflectorized Rail Faces
3 or more 4 (two each direction) 3 if facing traffic in one direction
6 if facing traffic in two directions
* For wooden barricades nominal lumber dimensions will be satisfactory
** For rails less than 3 feet long, 4 inches wide stripes shall be used
3. Application
Type II barricades are to be used for channelizing traffic and singularly or in groups to mark
-12 -
a specific hazard. Type III barricades shall be used for all street closures (unless the closure is for two (2) hours or less).
C. Traffic Cones
Traffic cones and tubular markers of various configurations are available. These shall be aminimum of 28 inches in height with a broadened base and may be made of various materialsable to withstand impact without damage to themselves or to vehicles. Orange shall be thepredominant color on cones. They should be kept clean and bright for maximum target value.They shall be reflectorized and may be equipped with lighting devices for maximumvisibility. Reflectorized material shall have a smooth, sealed outer surface that will displaythe same approximate color day and night.
Reflectorization of tubular markers shall be a minimum of two, three-inch-wide white bandsplaced a maximum of 2 inches from the top with a maximum of 6 inches between the bands.Reflectorization of cones shall be provided by a minimum 6-inch-wide white band placed aminimum of 3 inches but no more than 4 inches from the top with an additional 4-inch whiteband spaced a minimum of 2 inches below the 6-inch band.
D. Vertical Panels
Vertical panels are used to divide opposing streams of traffic, divert a traffic lane, or outline theedge of a construction hazard along the roadway where space is at a minimum. All verticalpanels shall consist of a rectangle with a 8-12 inch width by 24 inch height, with the top edge36 inches minimum above the roadway and mounted on a substantial support (see Figure 16in the Appendix). Each vertical panel used in the right-of-way between the hours of sunsetand sunrise shall have an approved operating flasher mounted above it. The vertical panel shallbe reflectorized with alternate orange and white stripes 4-6 inches wide at an angle of 45degrees with the vertical (slanting downward toward the side to which traffic is to pass). Whena vertical panel is used to divide opposing streams of traffic, both sides of the marker shall bereflectorized in this manner.
E. Drums (deformable and nondeformable)
Deformable drums used for traffic warning or channelization shall be approximately 36" inheight and a minimum of 18" in diameter (see Figure 16 in the Appendix). Drums shall bemarked with two white and two orange reflectorized horizontal stripes. There shall not bemore than a 3-inch wide non-reflectorized space between the stripes. All drums shall be plasticexcept those used to support signs or posts. See Fig. 17 for the standard plate for steel drums(nondeformable drums) with signs. Each drum (except for steel drums with signs) used in theright-of-way between the hours of sunset and sunrise shall have an approved operating flashermounted above it. Ballast shall not be placed on the top of a drum.
F. Signs
1.General
Street construction and maintenance signs fall into four categories: Regulatory, warning, guide and agency identification signs. All signs must follow the basic standards for design of all highway signs as specified in the MUTCD. The illustrations in the "typical installation" figures show the different types of signs to be used.
Signs shall be reflectorized with a material that has a smooth, sealed outer surface, or illuminated. Samples of the types of signs typically used are shown in Figures 18 through 24 in the Appendix. In some circumstances, special wording may be required. If so, such signs may be used only with the approval of the Traffic Engineer or his designated representative. Design of any special sign must conform to the principles outlined in the MUTCD.
-13 -
2.Installation/Mounting Height
There are several methods of supporting signs. Existing sign posts or metal poles may be utilized providing the normal signs are not hidden or interfered with. Portable sign mounts or barricades may be used, but the bottom of the sign shall not be less than one foot above the pavement elevation. Higher mounting heights are, however, desirable. On streets where parking is allowed, the advance warning signs and stop signs shall be mounted a minimum of 7 feet from the bottom of the sign to the top of the pavement. Advisory plates for warning signs shall be a minimum of 6' above the pavement elevation.
3.Agency Identification Sign
The typical agency identification sign is shown in Figure 26. The agency identification sign shall be used on all projects requiring four (4) or more barricades. The signs shall be mounted on drums, barricades or other approved sign mounting devices, which are not required barricades at the work site. The agency identification sign shall be provided by the company barricading the work site.
G. Lighting Devices
Construction and maintenance activities often create conditions on or near the traveled way thatare potentially hazardous at night when the ability of drivers to see is sharply reduced from daytimeconditions. Lighting devices as described in the following paragraphs should be used to supplementas conditions warrant.
1. Barricade Warning Lights
Barricade Warning Lights are portable, lens directed, enclosed lights (minimum diameter 7inches) emitting yellow light. They may be used in either the steady burn or flashing mode.Barricade Warning Lights shall be in accordance with the current ITE PurchaseSpecifications for Flashing and Steady-Burn Warning Lights, with regard to color, sizeof lens, flash rate, and minimum on-time.
Warning lights may be added to channelizing devices in area with frequent fog, snow, orsevere roadway curvature or where visual distractions are present.
Warning lights shall flash when placed on channelizing devices used alone or in a clusterto warn of a condition. Warning lights placed on channelizing devices used in a series tochannelize road users shall be steady-burn.
Type A Low Intensity Flashing Warning Lights are most commonly mounted onDeformable Devices or Type II barricades, or on vertical channelizing devices, and areintended to continually warn the drivers that they are proceeding in a hazardous area.
Type B High Intensity Flashing Warning Lights are normally mounted on the advancewarning signs or on independent supports. These lights are effective in daylight as wellas dark, they are designed to operate 24 hours per day.
Type C Steady Burn Lights are intended to be used to delineate the edge of the traveledway on detour curves, on lane changes, on lane closures and on similar conditions.
2.Advance Warning Flasher or Sequencing Arrow Panels
Advance warning flashing or sequencing arrow panels are intended to supplement existingtraffic control devices. They provide additional advance warning and directional
-14 -
information to assist in diverting and controlling traffic around construction or maintenance activities being conducted on or adjacent to the traveled way.
The advance warning arrow panel may be used for day or night closures, slow moving maintenance or construction activities on the traveled way, or extremely hazardous high density and speed conditions.
Necessary signs, barricades, or other traffic control devices shall be used in conjunction with the advance warning arrow panel, except when the arrow panel is used on vehicles making only temporary stops.
Advance warning arrow panels shall meet the requirements of Table 2. Minimum legibility requirements are the distance at which the arrow panel message can be comprehended by a driver on a sunny day or a clear night.
Table 2 Advance Warning Flashing or Sequencing Arrow Panels
Type Minimum Size Minimum Number of Panel Lamps
Minimum Legibility Distance
A 24” X 48” 12 ½ mile
B 30” X 54” 13 ¾ mile
C 48” X 96” 15 1 mile
D 48” X 24” Arrow 12 ½ mile
Type A advance warning arrow panels are appropriate for use on low speed urban streets. Type B are appropriate for intermediate speed facilities and for maintenance or moving operations on high-speed roadways. Type C arrow panels are intended to be used on high speed, high-volume construction projects. Type D arrow panels are for use on authorized vehicles.
Arrow panels shall have the capability of the following mode selection: Left Arrow, Right Arrow, Left and Right Arrow and Caution. The Caution mode consists of four or more lamps, arranged in a pattern which will not indicate a direction. A vehicle displaying an arrow panel shall be equipped with strobe or rotating lights.
Arrow panels shall be capable of minimum 50 percent dimming from rated lamp voltage. The flashing rate of the lamps shall not be less than 25 times per minute, nor more than 40 times per minute. The minimum mounting height shall be 7 feet above roadway to the bottom of the panel, except on vehicle mounted panels which should be as high as practicable. An arrow panel is required for lane merge conditions on all multi-lane streets classified as a Collector or higher, or as directed by City Traffic Division. When arrow panels are used to close multiple lanes, a separate panel shall be used for each closed lane.
-15 -
3.Portable Changeable Message Signs
Portable Changeable Message signs should be used as a supplement to and not as a
substitute for conventional signs and pavement markings. Their primary purpose is to
advise of unexpected situations. Some typical applications include the following: lane
or ramp closures, emergency incident management, width restriction information, speed
reductions, advisories on work scheduling, road user management, and diversion
warning of adverse conditions and operation control.
Portable Changeable Message signs should be placed on the shoulder of the roadway or,
if practical, further from the traveled lane. They should be delineated with retroreflective
temporary traffic control devices or when within the clear zone, shielded with a barrier or
crash cushion. When Portable Changeable Message signs are not being used, they should
be removed; if not removed, they should be shielded; or if the previous two options are
not feasible, they should be delineated with retroreflective temporary traffic control
devices.
Portable Changeable Message sign trailers should be delineated on a permanent basis by
affixing retroreflective material known as conspicuity material in a continuous line on the
face of the trailer as seen by oncoming road users.
The front face of the sign should be covered with a protective material. The color of the
elements should be yellow or orange on a black background.
Messages should be designed taking into account the following factors:
a.Each phase should convey a single thought.
b.If the message can be displayed in one phase, the top line should present the problem, the center line should present the location or distance ahead, and the bottom line should present the recommended driver action.
c.The message should be as brief as possible
d.When a message is longer than two phases, additional Portable Changeable Message signs should be used.
e.When abbreviations are used, they should be easily understood (see Table 3).
The text of the message shall not scroll or travel horizontally or vertically across the face of the sign.
When Portable Changeable Message signs are used for route diversion, they should be placed far enough in advance of the diversion to allow road users ample opportunity to exit the affected highway. The Portable Changeable Message signs should be sited and aligned to ensure legibility. Multiple Portable Changeable Message signs should be placed on the same side of the roadway, separated from each other at distances based on Table 3.
-16 -
Table 3
Suggested Advance Warning Sign Spacing
Road Type
Distance Between Signs**
A B C
Urban (low speed)* 100 100 200
Urban (high speed)* 350 350 300
Rural 500 500 500
Expressway/Freeway 1000 1500 2640
* Speed 45 mph and higher
**Distances are shown in feet. The A dimension is the distance from the transition or point of restriction to the first sign. The B dimension is the distance between the first and second signs. The C dimension is the distance between the second and third signs. (The third sign is the first one in a three-sign series encountered by a driver approaching a temporary traffic control zone.)
Portable Changeable Message signs should be visible from 0.5 mile under both day and night conditions. The message should be legible from a minimum distance of 650 feet. The message panel should have adjustable display rates so that the entire message can be read at least twice at the posted speed, the off peak 85th percentile speed prior to work starting, or the anticipated operating speed.
The mounting of Portable Changeable Message signs shall be such that the bottom of the message signs panel shall be a minimum of 7 feet above the roadway when it is in the operating mode.
H.Taper Lengths
1.General
In channelization of traffic, where a reduction in pavement width is involved, tapers will
be laid out in conformance with Table 4. Channelization devices may be cones or
Type II barricades, vertical panels, barrels, or combinations of the above. The maximum
spacing between channelizing devices in a taper should be approximately equal in feet to
the speed limit. Any deviation from the minimum taper shall require the approval of
the Traffic Engineer. A shorter taper may require additional warning signs.
-17 -
Table 4
Recommended Taper Length and Device Spacing
Approach
Speed of
Traffic in
Miles/Hour
Minimum Taper Lengths for Lane Widths
10 FT 11 FT 12 FT
Maximum
Device
Spacing in
Feet
25 105 115 125 25
30 150 165 180 30
35 205 225 245 35
40 270 295 320 40
45 450 495 540 45
50 500 550 600 50
55 550 605 660 55
60 600 660 720 60
65 650 715 780 65
*L=WS2 for S of 40 MPH or less; L = WS for S of 45 MPH or more.
60
Taper length shown are rounded to nearest 5 feet.
2.Residential Streets
Residential Street barricading may use a "Road Work Ahead" and a "One Lane Road Ahead"
sign (see Fig. 1) instead of a full channelization, unless the work site is situated in a location
where the sight distance is limited. In these cases, a full barricade set-up is required.
3.Business District Streets
On streets in the Central, South Omaha, Dundee, and Benson Business Districts that are 30
mph or less, a shorter taper may be used in conjunction with the use of Type III barricades
(see Figure 15). When parking is allowed, all advanced signing shall be mounted seven feet
above the roadway.
Flaggers
1. General
Since flaggers are responsible for human safety and make the greatest number of publiccontacts of all construction personnel, it is important that qualified personnel be selected.
The use of an orange vest shall be required for flaggers. For nighttime conditions similar outsidegarments shall be reflectorized.
-18 -
Flaggers are provided at work sites to stop traffic intermittingly as necessitated by work progress or to maintain continuous traffic past a work site at reduced speeds to help protect the work crew. For both of these functions the flagger must, at all times, be clearly visible to approaching traffic for a distance sufficient to permit proper response the motorist to the flagging instructions
instructions, and to permit traffic to reduce speed before entering the work site. In positioning flaggers, consideration must be given to maintaining color contrast between flaggers’ protective garments and their background.
2.Hand Signaling Devices
Two hand signaling devices, red flags, and STOP/SLOW paddles are used in controlling traffic through work areas. The sign paddle bearing the clear messages STOP or SLOW provide motorists with more positive guidance than flags and should be the primary hand signaling device.
Flags used for signaling purposes shall be a minimum of 24 by 24 inches in size, made of a good grade of RED material securely fastened to a staff approximately 3 feet in length. The free edge should be weighted to ensure that the flag will hang vertically, even in heavy winds. Flag use should be limited to emergency situations and at spot locations, which can best be controlled by a single flagger.
Sign paddles shall be at least 24 inches wide, with 6-inch series C letters. A rigid handle should be provided. This combination sign may be fabricated from sheet metal or other light semi rigid material. The background of the STOP face shall be octagonal in shape, red with white letters and border. The background of the SLOW shall be diamond in shape, orange with black letters and border. When used at night the STOP face shall be reflectorized red with white reflectorized letters and border, and the SLOW face shall be reflectorized orange with black letters and border.
3.Flagging Procedures
The following methods of signaling with sign paddles should be used:
A.To stop road users, the flagger shall face road users and aim the STOP paddle facetoward road users in a stationary position with the arm extended horizontally away fromthe body. The free arm shall be held with the palm of the hand above shoulder leveltoward approaching traffic.
B.To direct stopped road users to proceed, the flagger shall face road users with theSLOW paddle face aimed toward road users in a stationary position with the arm extended horizontally away from the body. The flagger shall motion with the free hand for roadusers to proceed.
C.To alert or slow traffic, the flagger shall face road users with the SLOW paddle faceaimed toward road users in a stationary position with the arm extended horizontally away from the body.
D.To further alert or slow traffic, the flagger holding the SLOW paddle face toward road users may motion up and down with the free hand, palm down.
The following methods of signaling with a flag shall be used:
A.To stop road users, the flagger shall face road users and extend the flag staffhorizontally across the road users’ lane in a stationary position so that the full area of theflag is visibly hanging below the staff. The free arm shall be held with the palm of thehand above the shoulder level toward approaching traffic.
B.To direct stopped road users to proceed, the flagger shall stand parallel to the road
-19 -
user movement and with flag and arm lowered from the view of the road users, and shall motion with the free hand for road users to proceed. Flags shall not be used to signal road users to proceed.
C.To alert or slow traffic, the flagger shall face road users and slowly wave the flag in asweeping motion of the extended arm from shoulder level to straight down without raising the arm above a horizontal position. The flagger shall keep the free hand down.
Lights approved by the Traffic Engineer or reflectorized sign paddles shall be used to flag traffic at night. Daytime flagging procedures shall be followed whenever such lights and paddles are used at night.
Whenever practicable, the flagger should advise the motorist of the reason for the delay and the approximate period that traffic will be halted. Flaggers and operators of construction machinery or trucks should be made to understand that every reasonable effort must be made to allow the driving public the right-of-way and prevent excessive delays.
4. Flagger Stations
Flagger stations shall be located far enough in advance of the workspace so that approachingroad users will have sufficient distance to stop before entering the workspace.
The flagger should stand either on the shoulder adjacent to the road user being controlled orin the closed lane prior to stopping road users. A flagger should only stand in the lane beingused by moving road users after road users have stopped. The flagger should be clearlyvisible to the first approaching road user at all times. The flagger also should be visible toother road users. At a spot constriction, the flagger may have to take a position on theshoulder opposite the closed section in order to operate effectively. The flagger should bestationed sufficiently in advance of the workers to warn them (for example, with audiblewarning devices such as horns, whistles, etc.) of approaching danger by out-of-controlvehicles. The flagger should stand alone, never permitting a group of workers to congregatearound the flagger station.
Flagger stations on major streets, and where safety requires it, shall be adequately protected andpreceded by proper advance warning signs. At night, flagger stations should be adequatelyilluminated.
XII. TYPICAL INSTALLATION
The figures in the Appendix show typical street installations, types, and placement of traffic controls around construction areas. The controls shown are considered minimum standards for typical construction sites. Additional devices shall be used where conditions require them for safety of workers or public. All devices used will comply with this and the MUTCD, or be approved by the City Traffic Engineer.
-20 -
XIII. EXCAVATION CHECKLIST
EXCAVATION CHECKLIST
PRIOR TO START OF JOB
1.PERMITS All necessary permits acquired. (24 hours prior, except emergencies)
2.NOTICE TO CITY City Traffic Engineering called and given location, time, type of work and agency name.
3.PRE-CONSTRUCTIONCONFERENCE (If required)Scheduled and completed.
4.SEARCH FOR
UNDERGROUND UTILITIES
Nebraska811 – 811 or 800-331-5666 called (minimum of two business days prior to starting excavation) and utilities representatives met at job site and utilities marked.
NOTE: Areas where signposts are to be used must be checked also.
START OF JOB
5.ADVANCED WARNING &
BARRICADES
Advanced warning signs and barricades placed and OSHA requirements reviewed.
6.AGENCY IDENTIFICATION
SIGNS
Agency identification signs will be placed as shown on the following figures
7. JOB
Proceed with excavation and complete construction/repair.
8.BACKFILL (If required)Excavation backfilled tamped and tested for compaction.
AFTER COMPLETION OF JOB
9.STREET OPENING (If req’d)City Traffic engineer notified of street opening date and time (24 hours prior).
10.AREA CLEAN-UP All debris and spoil removed; all signs and barricades removed; and damaged private property repaired.
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
RESIDENTIAL STREET
D C P
DC STREET PARTIALLY BLOCKED
(At Least One Lane Open to Traffic)
C
W21-4
A
PP
A
D P
W20-4 R7-1
FIGURE 1
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
RESIDENTIAL STREET
B
STREET COMPLETELY CLOSED
B
R11-2
A
A
B
A
FIGURE 2
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
RESIDENTIAL STREET
M
M TREE TRIMMING
Cones or Barricades If
M
Parking Prohibited
Flag Person When Trimming
Branches Over Street
FIGURE 3
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
MAJOR STREETS
P D C
TCD TWO LANE STREET
((One Lane Closed)
A
PPP PT
C
W21-4
P
R7-1
D
W20-4
T
W20-7
FIGURE 4
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
MULTI-LANE ARTERIAL
E W C
EC W
R
MORE THAN ONE LANE BLOCKED
(Traffic Does Not Cross Center Line)
A
R
A
A
C
W
E
W21-4
W20-5
W4-2
R
R4-7a
FIGURE 5
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
MULTI-LANE ARTERIAL
F Y C
EC W
R
A
R
MORE THAN ONE LANE BLOCKED
(Traffic Forced to Cross Center Line)
Note: "No Parking Anytime" Used as Necessary.
R
C
W
E
Y
F
W21-4
R4-7a
W20-5
W4-2
W4-2
W20-5
A
FIGURE 6
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
MULTI-LANE ARTERIAL
E W C
FCY
DIVIDED STREET - HALF CLOSED
F
W4-2
A
N
L
W
AK
Z
N
N
Z
Y
W20-5
C
W21-4
Y
W20-5 E
W4-2
W
W20-5
L
W1-6
K
R5-1
N
R3-2a
FIGURE 7
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
RESIDENTIAL STREET
B
STREET COMPLETELY CLOSEDQ
A
A
B
A
Q
W20-3
Q
B
R11-2
FIGURE 8
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
ARTERIAL STREET
F Y C
TWO LANE - ONE WAY
(One Lane Blocked)
C
W21-4
A
Y F
W4-2W20-5
F C
A
FIGURE 9
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
ONE-WAY MULTI-LANE ARTERIAL
H G C
ONE WAY STREET
with Three or More Lanes
C
W21-4
A
G H
W20-5W20-5
H C
A
J
G
(Center Lane Blocked)
J
W12-1
FIGURE 10
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
INTERSECTIONS
F
W4-2
Y
W20-5C
W21-4
N
R3-2a
FYC
N
A
A
FIGURE 11
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
INTERSECTIONS
E
W4-2
W
W20-5
C
W21-4
N
R3-2a
EWC
N
A
A
P
E W CPPP
P P P
P
R7-1
FIGURE 12
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
INTERSECTIONS
E
W4-2
W
W20-5
C
W21-4
N
R3-2a
F
Y
C
N
A
E W C
EWC
N
N
N
A
Y
F
W4-2
W20-5
A
FIGURE 13
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
TEMPORARY ROAD
O
W1-3
(Signs Shown For One Direction Only)
A
Z V
B
I
OSU
U
W20-1
S
W20-2
I
W1-3
Z
M4-10
V
G20-1
B
R11-2
FIGURE 14
BARRICADING REQUIREMENTS
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (25 MPH)
C
TWO LANE - ONE WAY
PARKING
YF
A
A PARKING
C
W21-4
F
W4-2
Y
W20-5
(One Blocked)
CF
FIGURE 15
({)
z
<(
I
1-
(/)
(/) w
_J
lo z
SIGN
FACING 55-GALLONORUM
TYPICAL TOP VIEW
NOT TO SCALE
·:oNE WAY I
--ALL WAY.
3611 x 12'' ONE-WAY PLATE
STOP
SIGN
NOTES:
1.Drums used for temporary signing shall be approx
imately 36" in height and a minimum of 18" in
diameter. The markings on drums shall be hori
zontal. circumferential, orange and white reflec
torized stripes four to eight inches wide, using a
material that has a smooth, sealed outer surface
which will display the same approximate size,
shape, and color, day and night.
2.There shall be at least two orange and two white
stripes on each drum. If there are non-reflectorizedspaces between the horizontal orange and white
stripes, they shall be no more than two inches wide.
3.The drums shall contain a minimum of 150 poundsof sand.
4.30" ·STOPS shall be used on alf streets.·
U-POST
5.The installation of all signs shall fo1iow the guide
lines as set forth in the "Manual On Uniform Traffic
Control Devices." (MUTCD)
TYPICAL SIDE VIEW
NOT TO SCALE
6 .. A 2' U-Post is placed vertically inside the bottom of the drum, and bolted through the drum to the U
Post on the outside of the drum. Spacing shown is
bolt spacing for 2' U-Post.
55 GALLON DRUM
BOLT SPACING
FOR 2' U-POST
Figure 17
-37-
r.
STOP
R1-1
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
SPEED LIMIT 50
R2-1
600 x 750 mm
(24 X 30 in)
� ONLY
R3-5
750 x 900 mm
(30 X 36 in)
R4-7
600 x 750 mm
(24 X 30 in)
R1-2
TO
ONCOMING
TRAFFIC
R4-2a
900 x 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
1200 x 600 mm
(348 X 24 in)
R3-1 R3-2
NO
TURNS
R3-3 R3-4
600 x 600 mm
(24 X 24 in)
600 x 600 mm
(24 X 24 in)
600 x 600 mm
(24 X 24 in)
600 x 600 mm
(24 X 24 in)
R3-6
750 x 900 mm
(30 X 36 in)
STAY
IN
LANE
R4-9
600 x 750 mm
(24 X 30 in)
LEFT LANE
MUST
TURN LEFT
R3-7
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
R5-1
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
ONLY
R3-8
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WRONG WAY
R5-1A
900 x 600 mm
(36 X 24 in)
FIGURE 18
R6-1
ONE WAY .....
R6-2
NO PARKING ANY TIME .. .
R7-1 R8-3 900 x 300 mm
(36 X 12 in)
450 x 600 mm
(18 X 24 in)
450 x 600 mm
(18 X 24 in)
600 x 600 mm
(24 X 24 in)
PEDESTRIAN SIDEWALK
CROSSWALK CLOSED
R9-8 R9-9 600 x .300 mm 600 x 300 mm
(24 X 12 in) (24 X 12 in)
ROAD CLOSED
R11-2 120 x 750 mm
(48 X 30 in)
WEIGHT LIMIT 16 TONS
R12-1 500 x 750 mm
(24 X 30 in)
SIDEWALK CLOSED SIDEWALK CLOSED SIDEWALK CLOSED .... AHEAD .... .... USE OTHER SIDE USE OTHER SIDE CROSS HERE
R9-10 R9-11 R9-12 600 x 300 mm 600 x 300 mm 600 x 300 mm
(24 X 12 in) (24 X 12 in) (24 X 12 in)
ROAD CLOSED TO THRU TRAFFIC
AXLE WEIGHT LIMIT 5 TONS
R12-2 600 x 750 mm (24 X 30 in)
R11-3 1500 x 750 mm
(60 X 30 in)
WEIGHT
LIMIT
""' 8 T
..,... 16T
snlP"24T
R12-5 500 x 750 mm
(24 X 30 in)
FIGURE 19
W1-1 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W1-4b 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W3-1a 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W20-8 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W1-2 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
A (Ill)
�" �f" �/7
W1-4c 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W3-2a 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W4-2 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
I
W1-3 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W1-6 1200 x 600 mm
(48 X 24 in)
W3-3 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W4-3 1 200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
I
W1-4 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W1-8 450 x 600 mm
(18 X 24 in)
W4-1 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W5-1 800 x 800 mm
(36 X 36 in)
FIGURE 20
W5-2
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W6-2 900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W5-2a
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W6-3 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-2
W5-3
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W6-4
300 x 450 mm
(12 X 18 in)
WB-3
W5-4
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W7-1
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-4
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-6
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-7
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-8
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-9
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W5-2
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
WB-1
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
WB-5
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W8-9a
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
FIGURE 21
W8-11 W8-12 W9-1 W9-2
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W9-3
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W12-2
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W14-3 900 x 1200 x 1200mm
(36 X 48 X 48 in)
W10-1
900 Diameter
(36 in)
W13-1
450 x 450 mm (18 x 18 in) 600 x 600 mm (24 x 24 in)
W12-1
600 x 600 mm
(24 X 24 in)
ON
RAMP
W13-4
600 x 750 mm (24 X 30 in)
FIGURE 22
W20-1
1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
W20-5
1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
W21-1a
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W21-5 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W20-2
1200 x 1200 mm
( 48 X 48 in)
W20-5a
1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
W21-2
750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W21-5a 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
W20-3
1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
fsool
�
W20-7a
1 200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
SUPPLEMENTAL PLAQUE
600 x 450 mm
(24 X 18 in)
W21-5b 1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
W20-4
1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
W20-7b
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W21-3
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
W21-6 750 x 750 mm
(30 X 30 in)
FIGURE 23
W21-7
900 x 900 mm
(36 X 36 in)
SLOW TRAFFIC
AHEAD
1200W�3 odo mm(48 X 24 in)
i>f
W22-1
1200 x 1200 mm
(48 X 48 in)
ROAD WORK
NEXT5 MLES
G20-1
900 x 450 mm
(36 X 18 in)
EMIT OPEN
E5-2
1200 x 900 mm
(48 X 36 in)
IDETOUR I
M4-8
END
DETOUR
M4-8o
TURN OFF
2•WAY RADIOS
AND CELLULAR
TELEPHONES
W22-2
1050 x 900 mm
(42 X 36 in)
END
ROAD WORK
G20-2a
900 x 450 mm
(36 X 18 in)
END
BLASTING ZONE
W22-3
1050 x 900 mm
(42 X 36 in)
PILOT CAR
FOLLOW ME
G20-4
900 x 450 mm
(36 X 18 in)
BIIT l-DSJ=_D
E5-2a
1200 x 900 mm
(48 X 36 in)
M4-8b 600 x 300 mm
(24 X 12 in)
600 x 450 mm
(24 X 18 in)
600 x 300 mm
(24 X 12 in)
DETOUR )
M4-9
750 x 600 mm
(30 X 24 in)
M4-10
1200 x 450 mm
(48 X 18 in)
FIGURE 24
FLAG
1ta·1 ll"MIN.I
r
TO STOP
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC
PROCEED
TO ALERT
AND SLOW
TRAFFIC
. ' .· .
'·::·
PADDLE
(24" Diameter Min.I
'·· .... ·,.(: .·
"(./(:-f:5/ ·,;;,:!�\{,, ,.
Use of hand signaling devices by flagperson.
FIGURE 25
Sidewalk Detour or Diversion
SIDEWALK DETOUR SIDEWALK DIVERSION
FIGURE 27
Crosswalk Closures and Pedestrian Detours
FIGURE 28